British conquest of nigeria pdf

About the 11th century ad, yoruba citystates developed in western nigeria, and some, such as benin, became powerful kingdoms in. The benin kingdom and the edo speaking peoples of southwestern nigeria. The sokoto caliphate, nigeria, 1903 britains small. The second phase of the british conquest in nigeria 1900 1960.

The kingdom is traditionally said to date from the 11th century, when king gunguma founded it as one of the original hausa bakwai seven true. Title lugard and the creation of provintial administration in. The british conquest of benin and the obas return the. The history of nigeria prior to the beginnings of british administration is sparsely documented, but archaeological evidence indicates that an iron age culture was present sometime between 500 bc and ad 200, and agriculture and livestock raising long before then. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to british subjects in 1807. The british conquest of ebiraland, north central nigeria 1886. A very welcome addition to the literature on nigeria. Britain had lost its appetite for slaves and preferred palm oil. Zaria historical kingdom and province, nigeria britannica. Okunland provided the needed base for the british conquest of northern nigeria as clearly demonstrated in the subsequent attacks, bombardments, conquests and occupation of other parts of the.

Birth of the nigerian colony the centenary project. These records are diplomatic papers and reports originally published for the british government. The conquest of noneuropean peoples for economic and. Aghalino department of history, university of ilorin abstract this paper is on british policies and the oil palm industry in the niger delta region of nigeria. Britains colonial administrations and developments.

The esan anglicised ishan kingdoms, like other states, kingdoms and empires in the territory known today as nigeria were conquered and brought under colonial rule by the british between the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century. European powers who subjected the peoples to a new type of administration. British colonialism and nigeria timeline timetoast timelines. British colonization in nigeria by kayla truong on prezi. Similarly, lugard could not claim the entire credit for the introduction of the idea ofthe provincial system in northern nigeria. Jumo jumofe later took the name jaja for his dealings with the british. The british later imposed an economic system on nigeria with a view to profit from african labour, after military conquest over nigeria.

The first phase of the british conquest of nigeria. Apr 09, 2019 british documents on foreign affairs is a multivolume printed edition of records from the british foreign office confidential print. Nigeria is africas most populous country and the worlds eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious conflict, political instability, rampant official corruption and an ailing economy. Bida 1901, adamawa 1901, bauchi and gombe 1902, zaria 1902, kano. History nigeria area, system, future, power, policy. The company gained control of the palmoil trade along the niger river after the berlin conference gave britain a protectorate over the niger river delta. Britains colonial administrations and developments in nigeria 18611960.

The british conquest and resistance of sokoto caliphate. However it was not until 1920, after the aba womens riot that the igbo were firmly under imperial british control. This article reexamines the british colonial policy of indirect rule in nigeria. Lord frederick lugard was made high commissioner of northern nigeria in 1899 and british conquest followed thereafter, in the following order. The nigeria constitution order in council, 1954 pdf. Whether british conquest of nigeria resulted from a benevolent motive to end slavery, or more instrumental motives of wealth and power, remains a. Nigeria was not formed by groups or tribes who saw purpose in unity. The british took an interest in nigeria because of its resources. British colonization in nigeria pros and cons of colonization pros cons nigeria became more urbanized with the building of railroads and roads. By the end of 1915, the road into the igbo heartland and the east were open.

Colonialism and violence in nigeria looks closely at the conditions that created a legacy of violence in nigeria. While the members of the fulani ruling class of bida dynasty organized a strong force to resist the british in order to maintain their own political and. Britain annexed lagos in 1861 and established the oil river protectorate in 1884. The story of jaja recounts a man of servile status hurdling intimidating odds to attain wealth and power, and founding in the latter half of the 19th century the most prosperous citystate in the delta area of nigeria. How britain conquered and created nigeria politics nigeria. The eastern province of nigeria was conquered, in its entirety, in 1914. Colonial nigeria was the era in the history of nigeria when the region of west africa was ruled. Michael crowder, west africa under colonial rule 165 research on humanities and social sciences. Grfy this thesis is to indicate the positive british role in developing nigeria during the colonial period to the point that effective selfgovernment became. The british conquest of benin and the obas return in the 19th century, disputes over trade led to strain between benin and its chief trading partner, great britain. The british occupation of southern nigeria, 18511906 unt digital. Inconsistencies in british policy reinforced cleavages based on regional animosities by attempting simultaneously to preserve the.

Muhammadau alhaji, brother of the emir of missau, was also a mahdist and joined attahiru i letter to sarkin musulmi, p. The british conquest of ebiraland, north central nigeria 1886 1917. After the british government assumed direct control of the royal niger companys territories, the northern areas were. The british conquest and resistance of sokoto caliphate, 1897. Britains colonial administrations and developments, 1861. Title lugard and the creation of provintial administration. Lagos colony was a british colonial possession centred on the port of lagos in what is now southern nigeria. Federalism, the constitution and resource control by.

Yorubaland in the 19th century, era of ibadan dominance. Ram patterns of igbo resistance to british conquest a. Pdf british colonialism and its linguistic consequences. The 1897 british conquest of nupcland, which is situated in the central part of the present day nigeria, provides a good example of the argument above. See the main catalog record for this title for a list of countries and dates of coverage in each volume. World war i was truly a world war with participants drawn from five continents and military actions spread around the globe. The british now engaged in the progressive conquest of the northern states. Over the 19 th century, the influence of the british increased in the niger area, including nigeria, and they established the oil river protectorate in 1884 despite increase in the influence of the british during the era, the area was not occupied until 1885. Of course the irony here is that the british invented neither guns although they managed to improve on them nor rockets. Pdf on jul 10, 2019, c n o cynado and others published british conquest, colonization and administration in nigeria find. The islamic state known variously as, depending upon ones source, the sokoto caliphate after its capital city or the fulani empire or federation after the dominant ethnic group was established by conquest in 1804, and over the next thirty years it consolidated and expanded until it covered most of present northern nigeria and niger. This is a short history of africa excluding egypt, ethiopia and dutch and british south africa, which are the subjects of separate histories.

Nov 02, 2017 by the end of 1915, the road into the igbo heartland and the east were open. Colonial nigeria was the era in the history of nigeria when the region of west africa was ruled by great britain in from the mid19th century to 1960. The british crown governed its conquered colonial territories through multiple systems. Bida 1901, adamawa 1901, bauchi and gombe 1902, zaria 1902, kano 1902, sokoto 1903. Then nigeria was once known as the slave coast but by 1870 that had changed. This escalated as the european powers moved to divide africa into colonial territories. Ranger african critics of victorian imperialism boniface i. British conquest of northern nigeria was accomplished by the royal niger company. Alabi adetayo rated it did not like it mar 07, 2018. In 1914, the british claimed the entire area of nigeria as a colony. British colonialism created nigeria, joining diverse peoples and regions in an artificial political entity with little sense of a common nigerian nationality. This system was referred to as money economy and the british pound was the currency being spent in nigeria in those days. The eventual british colonial acquisitions in nigeria were preceded by a treaty. The contact the africans had with the europeans dated back to the 9 th century, however, the european presence and penetration did not take place until the late 15 th and the firsthalf of the 19 th centuries respectively.

Toyin falola examines violence as a tool of domination and resistance, however unequally applied, to get to the heart of why nigeria has not built a successful democracy. Zaria, historic kingdom, traditional emirate, and local government council in kaduna state, northern nigeria, with its headquarters at zaria q. The portuguese were the first to do so, establishing trade with the benin kingdom, lagos, and other regions along the coast. British documents on foreign affairs is a multivolume printed edition of records from the british foreign office confidential print. How britain conquered and created nigeria by wisdomguy4um. The english move into the land of the igbo followed shortly thereafter, covering the period from 18891914. The british conquest of benin and the obas return the art. Oba dosunmu of lagos spelled docemo in british documents resisted the cession for 11 days while facing the. From the death of mungo park near bussa in 1806 to the end of the century, there is continuing interest in nigeria on the part of british explorers, antislavery activists, missionaries and traders. The nigerians had the opportunity to learn a new language.

And, in 1914, northern and southern nigeria were united for administrative purposes into a single british colony. Zubeiru fled yola upon the british conquest on 2 sept. The 1897 british conquest of benin kingdom and its impact on beninesan intergroup relations article pdf available january 2014 with 1,154 reads how we measure reads. Lagos was annexed on 6 august 1861 under the threat of force by commander beddingfield of hms prometheus who was accompanied by the acting british consul, william mccoskry. The modern history of nigeria as a political state encompassing 250 to 400 ethnic groups of widely varied cultures and modes of political organization dates from the completion of the british conquest in 1903 and the amalgamation of northern and southern nigeria into. The british had participated in it until human trafficking was abolished in 1807.

British trade in nigeria the time period in which british trade was only in lagos and the delta ports of calabar, brass, and bonny. Pdf the 1897 british conquest of benin kingdom and its. After the british government assumed direct control of the royal niger companys territories, the northern areas were renamed the protectorate of northern nigeria, and the land in the niger delta and along the lower reaches of the river was added to the niger coast protectorate, which was renamed the protectorate of southern nigeria. The markets the british open up allowed there to be more jobs for the. In 1821 the british government sponsors an expedition south through the sahara to reach the kingdom of bornu. Nigeria is as a result of britains commercial interest in west africa. The most important event in this development was the conquest of the lagos in. Until 1900, the region was in the forefront in the production of palm oil. From the onset of their wars of conquest, the british officials underestimated the strength and strategy of african military forces. I read parts of the book the fall of nigeria by obaro ikime when i checked it out 2 years ago from a library and from the parts that i read, the main issue was definitely the difference in the power of arms used by the different sides.